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Table 1 Estimation results for a model at the country level with country-specific random effects at the destination and distance as splines

From: Modelling production-consumption flows of goods in Europe: the trade model within Transtools3

NST/R

(0)

ln_tonnes_0

(1)

ln_tonnes_1

(2)

ln_tonnes_2

(3)

ln_tonnes_3

(4)

ln_tonnes_4

(5)

ln_tonnes_5

(6)

ln_tonnes_6

(7)

ln_tonnes_7

(8)

ln_tonnes_8

(9)

ln_tonnes_9

Distance 0–20 km

0

0

−0.701*

−0.533*

−0.398

−0.986*

−0.890*

−0.524*

0

0

(.)

(.)

(−2.38)

(−2.14)

(−1.45)

(−4.86)

(−4.73)

(−2.17)

(.)

(.)

Distance 20–50 km

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

Distance 50–100 km

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

Distance 100–300 km

1.327

0.657

2.068

1.827

−1.257

−0.975

−1.779

1.429

−0.991

0.321

(0.76)

(0.41)

(0.81)

(0.80)

(−0.55)

(−0.50)

(−1.00)

(0.64)

(−0.69)

(0.22)

Distance 300–500 km

−2.881*

−3.236*

−3.169+

−2.125

−3.409*

−1.358

−2.667*

0.834

−3.191*

−3.548*

(−2.59)

(−3.21)

(−1.81)

(−1.45)

(−2.29)

(−1.15)

(−2.34)

(0.59)

(−3.51)

(−3.82)

Distance 500–1000 km

−2.025*

−1.985*

−0.481

−2.048*

−2.150*

−2.041*

−3.325*

−1.450*

−2.141*

−1.965*

(−4.62)

(−4.99)

(−0.60)

(−3.43)

(−3.48)

(−4.39)

(−7.17)

(−2.34)

(−5.95)

(−5.41)

Distance 1000–2000 km

−2.200*

−2.182*

−0.314

−0.655+

−0.558

−2.903*

−2.449*

−0.520

−2.639*

−2.902*

(−8.90)

(−10.01)

(−0.57)

(−1.80)

(−1.38)

(−10.77)

(−8.90)

(−1.30)

(−13.15)

(−14.83)

Distance 2000 + km

−0.339*

−0.0479

0.399+

−2.141*

−0.0960

−1.005*

−1.177*

−0.547*

−1.075*

−0.696*

(−4.64)

(−0.80)

(1.89)

(−15.00)

(−0.65)

(−11.17)

(−12.41)

(−3.78)

(−17.63)

(−12.64)

Ln(origin gdp)

0.824*

0.899*

0.474*

0.735*

0.587*

0.921*

1.054*

−0.00223

1.123*

1.175*

(39.12)

(56.08)

(8.42)

(20.92)

(14.93)

(35.88)

(39.03)

(−0.05)

(66.81)

(80.25)

Ln(destination gdp)

0.598*

0.618*

0.430*

0.499*

0.532*

0.781*

0.625*

0.619*

0.931*

0.814*

(12.43)

(20.14)

(5.46)

(7.80)

(5.73)

(19.70)

(14.80)

(11.65)

(30.71)

(28.93)

Ln(origingdp/cap)

−0.274*

−0.211*

−1.051*

−0.425*

−0.352*

−0.393*

−0.556*

−0.627*

0.119*

−0.0177

(−8.37)

(−8.39)

(−9.78)

(−7.00)

(−5.22)

(−9.95)

(−13.22)

(−8.89)

(4.32)

(−0.78)

Ln(dest. Gdp/cap)

−0.111

−0.0938*

0.422*

0.316*

−0.0390

−0.0936+

−0.163*

−0.390*

−0.137*

−0.104*

(−1.64)

(−2.10)

(3.06)

(3.41)

(−0.30)

(−1.70)

(−2.73)

(−5.30)

(−3.30)

(−2.59)

Both member of EU or EFTA

0.743*

1.103*

0.264

−1.204*

0.357

0.435*

0.357*

−0.0620

0.215+

1.183*

(5.07)

(8.65)

(0.77)

(−5.44)

(1.45)

(2.72)

(2.15)

(−0.26)

(1.83)

(10.31)

Both Euro as currency

0.596*

−0.0153

0.245

−0.298

0.562*

0.124

0.423*

1.191*

0.324*

0.181

(3.36)

(−0.10)

(0.76)

(−1.20)

(2.13)

(0.65)

(2.22)

(4.63)

(2.25)

(1.24)

Neighbour countries

1.734*

1.287*

0.949*

1.933*

1.570*

1.184*

1.720*

1.730*

1.037*

0.659*

(7.03)

(5.77)

(2.36)

(5.85)

(4.60)

(4.54)

(6.76)

(5.38)

(5.12)

(3.21)

Both same language

0.742*

1.020*

0.899*

0.968*

0.903*

0.671*

0.777*

0.106

0.945*

0.963*

(5.64)

(9.06)

(2.81)

(4.76)

(4.01)

(4.30)

(5.06)

(0.49)

(8.56)

(9.37)

constant

−9.103*

−8.608*

0

0

0

0

0

0

−10.86*

−11.49*

(−4.88)

(−5.35)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(.)

(−7.40)

(−7.73)

N

6388

7905

1379

4039

2619

5063

4442

2380

6465

8686

  1. t statistics in parentheses
  2. + p < 0.10, * p < 0.05