Table 7 Key studies from the last three decades
Author | Method (s) | Data | Finding(s) | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Kinsey (1981) | Multiplier Approach | Employment, wage and salary, turnover, throughput etc. | Impact of Liverpool port on local economy was declining. Firms supplying to port was only dependent for a very small portion of their total revenue. | Liverpool, UK |
Yochum and Agarwal (1987) | Input-output Analysis | Employment, tax, 39 industry | At least some firms would suffer severe economic penalty in absence of port facilities. 3999 primary jobs were created from industries located in Hampton. | Port of Hampton, USA |
Gripaios and Gripaios (1995) | Input-output Analysis | GDP, direct and indirect employment | Ports are not big employersof labour and are no longer the inter-related industrial complexes that ports once were. | Plymouth, UK |
Ferrari et al. (2010) | Regression, Tobit Model, LS Estimates | Employment, Throughput, Transport etc. | Positive impact observed. The impact of port depends on the sector being considered. | Italy |
Jung (2011) | Descriptive | Port throughput, economic indicators | No strong effect on production and value added inducementcoefficient over 1990–2008. Port-city interface from economic perspective has been weakened during 1990s and 2000s in Korea. | South Korea |
Deng et al. (2013) | Structural Equation Modelling | Throughput, quay length, berths, VAS, GDP, per capita GDP etc. | No significant positive effect of port demand and supply on regional economy. Value added activity has positive effect on regional economy. | China |
Shan et al. (2014) | Regression Analysis | GDP, GGDP, education, FDI, road, throughput etc. | Significant positive effect on economic growth, consistent with theoretical predictions. Throughput of bigger ports is more significantly associated with local economy than smaller ports. | China |
Bottasso et al. (2014) | Spatial Panel Econometric Framework | GDP, area, population, throughput, motorways etc. | Ports tend to increase GDP of region, where they are located. Ports also have large and positive spill-over on GDP of nearby regions. | 13 EU Countries |
Chang et al. (2014) | Input-output Analysis | 95 different products and services | Port activity is not dependent on other industry while otherindustries are more dependenton port activity. | South Africa |
Park and Seo (2016) | Augmented Solow Model | Economic growth rate, cargo throughput, container throughput, port investment etc. | Port activities positively affect regional economic growth, whileport investment indirectly leads to economic growth. | Korea |