Table 4 Ship specifications, procs and cons of three emission abatement measures
From: Investment decisions under uncertainty on LNG-powered vessels for environmental compliance
Options | A | B | C |
|---|---|---|---|
Oil powered ship with SCR | Oil powered ship with scrubber + SCR | LNG powered ship with SCR | |
Main engines and propulsion | |||
 Engine type | Diesel | Diesel | Dual Fuel Diesel |
 Propulsion system | Direct | Direct | Direct |
Auxiliary engine | |||
 Engine type | Diesel | Diesel | Dual Fuel Gas |
 Fuel (in ECA) | LSFO (Low Sulphur Fuel Oil) (0.1% S) | IFO | LNG, LSFO (0.1% S) |
 Off ECA | LSFO (0.5% S) |  | LNG |
 SCR | Installed | Installed | Installed |
 Scrubber | Not | Installed | Not |
Procs | -No or little modifications and investment needed -Well known and tested | -Lower fuel costs -Fuel available | -Potential CO2 reductiona -Much lower maintenance |
Cons | -Higher fuel costs -Fuel availability uncertain -Wear and tear | -Higher OPEX, fuel consumption and maintenance costs -Ship design and stability challenges -Sludge management: need to create a logistics chain and adapt port infrastructure | -More space needed for the gas system on board -Bunkering points and associated logistics to be created -Safety aspects increase complexity of the supply chain, ship design and operations -Skilled and trained crew |