Table 1 Sampling frame for qualitative and quantitative phase
From: Exploring seaport - dry ports dyadic integration to meet the increase in container vessels size
Participant in qualitative phase | Convenience sampling strategy | Population | Sampling size |
 Dry port operators | Selecting from dry port operators in Malaysia | 4 | 4 (FIP* 1,2,3, and 4) |
 Ministry of Transportation | Selecting from Port Division | 1 | 1 (FIP 5) |
 Marine Department | Selecting from Maritime Transportation Division | 1 | 1 (FIP 6) |
 Seaport authorities | Port Klang Authority, Penang Port Commission, and Johor Port Authority (major seaport authorities) | 6 | 2 (FIP 7 and 8) |
 Seaport operators | Westport, Northport, Penang Port, and PTP (seaport operator administered by main seaport authorities) | 11 | 2 (FIP 9 and 10) |
 TOTAL | 23 | 10 | |
Stratum in quantitative phase | Stratified Sampling frame | Population | Sampling size |
 Shippers | Key shippers listed in Port Klang, PTP, and Penang Port. | 20 | 20 |
 Rail operators | Samples selected from 5 regional branches of Malaysian Railway that handled containers. | 10 | 10 |
 Seaports | Selecting operational, container, and logistics executives in all seaports including their branches. | 21 | 21 |
 TOTAL | 51 | 51 | |