Economic evaluation of alternative technologies to mitigate Sulphur emissions in maritime container transport from both the vessel owner and shipper perspective

Journal of Shipping and Trade

Table 4 Advantages and disadvantages of scrubber technology

	McGill et al., 2013	Chryssakis et al., 2014	Stulgis et al., 2014	Aronietis et al., 2015	den Boer and Hoen, 2015	Van Rynbach et al., 2018
Advantages
The possibility of using either low-Sulfur or higher-Sulfur fuels	x	x	x			x
Reduction of pollutants (PM, SO_x and NO_x)	x^a		x^b	x^c	x^d	x
Disadvantages
Loss of cargo capacity due to the size of the system	x					x
Increased cost		x	x
Increased fuel consumption/power consumption		x	x	x	x^e	x
No reduction of CO₂ emissions			x		x	x
Additional GHG emissions					x^f

^aPM trapping greater than 80% and So_x removal greater than 98%
^bThe scrubber will reduce NOx, SOx, and PM
^cRemoves a part of the PM emissions, reduces the level of Sulfur dioxide in the exhausts of ship engines
^dScrubbers reduce the emission of Sulfur by more than 90% and PM emissions by 60-90%. The emission of NOx is reduced by 10% or less. The scrubber technology does not remove Nitrogen Oxides or only to a very small degree
^eThe use of a scrubbers increases the energy consumption which is calculated to raise fuel consumption by 3% in case of seawater scrubber and by 1% in the case of the freshwater scrubber
^fAdditional GHG emissions range between 1.5 and 3%
Source: own composition based on (McGill et al. 2013; Chryssakis et al. 2014; Stulgis et al. 2014; Aronietis et al. 2015; den Boer and Hoen 2015; van Rynbach et al. 2018)