Table 3 Input and output variables used in previous port studies
From: A competitive analysis of EU ports by fixing spatial and economic dimensions
Reference | Research object | Model | Outputs | Inputs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Almawsheki and Shah (2015) | Technical efficiency of container terminals | DEA | Throughput (TEU) | Terminal area Quay length Quay crane Yard equipment Maximum draft |
Barros (2003) | Efficiency of container ports | DEA | Ships Movement of freight Gross gauge Break bulk cargo Containerized freight Solid bulk and liquid bulk | Total length of berth Container berth length Number of employees Capital (Book value of asset) |
Barros (2006) | Efficiency of container ports | DEA | Liquid bulk Dry bulk Number of ships Number of passenger Number of containers Total sales | Number of employees Value of capital invested Size of operating Costs |
Barros (2012) | Seaport performance | DEA | TEU Dry bulk Liquid bulk Delays in handling ship cargo | Quay length Seaport area Labour |
Barros and Peypoch (2007) | Seaport productivity | Distance Function, Luenberger Indicator | Total containers Sales Liquid bulk Solid bulk Ships | Total operational cost Number of employees Investment |
Barros et al. (2011) | Efficiency of container ports | Luenberger Indicator, Malmquist Index | Throughout Number of ship calls | Number of employees Total cost Number of cranes |
Coto-Millan et al. (2000) | Seaport efficiency | SFA | Total of goods moved in the port Passengers embarked and disembarked Number of vehicle with passengers | Labour Capital Intermediate consumptions |
Cullinane et al. (2006) | Efficiency of container ports | SFA | Container throughput (TEU) | Terminal length Terminal area Number of quayside gantry cranes Number of yard gantry cranes Number of straddle carriers |
Demirel et al. (2012) | Efficiency of container ports | DEA | Container Throughput (TEU) | Quay length Terminal area Quay cranes Yard equipment Maximum draft |
Estache et al. (2002) | Efficiency gains from port reform in Mexico | SFA | Handling volume (tons) | Number or workers Lengh of docks |
Gong et al. (2019) | Shipping companies (73% involved in the container sector) | DEA | Cargo carried Revenue Undesirable outputs | Total assets Capital expenditure Capacity Number of ships Employees Fuel cost |
Min and Park (2005) | Efficiency of container ports | DEA | Cargo throughput | Size of labour force Total length of query Number of cranes Size of hard areas |
Nguyen et al. (2016) | Efficiency of Vietnamese ports | Bootstrap DEA & SFA | Throughput | Berth length Terminal areas Warehouse capacity Cargo handling equipment |
Notteboom et al. (2000) | Efficiency of container ports | SFA | Container traffic | Terminal quay length Terminal area Number of gantry cranes Average no. of workers per crane |
Panayides et al. (2011) | Efficiency of shipping companies | DEA and SFA | Market value of equity Sales | Inputs profits Book value of equity Total assets Number of employees Capital expenditure |
Rios and Maçada (2006) | Efficiency of container ports | DEA | TEUs handled Average number of containers handled per hour per ship | Number of cranes Number of berths Number of employees Terminal area Amount of yard equipment |
Roll and Hayuth (1993) | Port performance | DEA | Container throughput Service level User satisfaction Ship calls | Size of labour force Annual investment per port The uniformity of facilities and cargo |
Suárez-Alemán et al. (2016) | Container port efficiency | SFA | TEU throughput | Terminal area, No. of mobile cranes No. of gantry cranes Berth length Exogenous variables |
Tongzon (2001) | Efficiency of container ports | DEA | Cargo throughput (TEU) Ship working rate | Number of berths Number of cranes Number of tugs Number of port authority Employees Delay time |