Study | Objective | TBLs | Scope |
---|---|---|---|
Peris-Mora et al. (2005) | Studied the potential 63 environmental impacts in ports and established 17 environmental indicators | Envi | Int |
Darbra et al. (2009) | Studied the EU ports environmental issues and presented the self-diagnosis method (SDM) | Envi/soc | Int |
Lam and Van De Voorde (2012) | Built a framework for green port strategy | Env/Eco | Int/Ext |
Lirn et al. (2013) | Examined green port performance criteria (externalities) and presented 17 green performance indicators | Envi & soc | Int |
Yap and Lam (2013) | Studied container ports’ spatial planning and development and presented the impact on port sustainability | Env/Soc | Int/Ext |
Shiau and Chuang (2013) | Studied the sustainability indicators (case study of Keelung port-Taiwan) and identified 34 sustainability indictors | TBL | Int |
Lam and Notteboom (2014) | Presented port authorities’ green tools in leading Asian and European ports (green ports) | Envi | Int/Ext |
Acciaro et al. (2014) | Assessed the success of ports’ innovations in terms of environmental sustainability | Envi | Int |
Chiu et al. (2014) | Studied green port operation and revealed five green priorities | Envi & soc | Int |
Puig et al. (2015) | Studied Environmental issues in European ports and provided a Tool for the identification and assessment of Environmental Aspects in Ports (TEAP) | Envi | Int |
Asgari et al. (2015) | Ranked the UK ports’ sustainability based on nine criteria and five sub-criteria | Envi & Eco | Int |
Davarzani et al. (2016) | Reviewed green ports and maritime logistics | Envi | Int |
Sislian et al. (2016) | Literature reviewed port sustainability | TBL | Int |
Roh et al. (2016) | Studied the internal and external management aspects of sustainable ports based on six management criteria | TBL | Int/Ext |
Lu et al. (2016b) | Assessed the ports sustainability criteria and reports | TBL | Int/Ext |
Santos et al. (2016) | Investigated sustainability communication practices in the European seaport sector | Soc | Ext |
Puig et al. (2017) | Studied Environmental issues in European ports and Provided a Tool for Identification and Implementation of Environmental Indicators (TEIP) | Envi | Int |
Laxe et al. (2017) | Development of port sustainability “global synthetic indicators”, based on 9 indicators | TBL | Int |
Oh et al. (2018) | Presented the criteria for assessing sustainability of ports in south Korea, and Identified 27 sustainability assessment items | TBL | Int |
Lim et al. (2019) | Reviewed and synthesised port operational and management indicators for sustainability based on 30 indicators | TBL | Int/Ext |
Bjerkan and Seter (2019) | Reviewed and structured port sustainability in port management and policies, power and fuels, sea activities, and land activities | Env | Int/Ext |
Notteboom et al. (2020) | Presented ports’ role in the pursuit of green supply chain management through five actions | Env | Int/Ext |
Hossain et al. (2020) | Investigated global ports’ implementation of sustainability initiatives | TBL | Int |
Castellano et al. (2020) | Evaluated the relation between port environmental quality and economic efficiency (Italian Ports) | Env/Eco | Int |
This study | Develops a port holistic sustainability framework that integrates TBLs in internal and external actions and measures while drawing an association with UN SDGs | TBL and UN SDGs | Int/Ext |