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Table 1 Port evolution stage

From: The co-evolution of seaports and dry ports in Shandong province in China under the Belt and Road Initiative

Stage

Time

Location of the port

Phase 1

Before 1960

Connect to the platform

Phase 2

1960–1980

Center for transportation and industrial and commercial services

Phase 3

1980–2000

Comprehensive logistics center

Stage 4

2000–2007

Global resource allocation hub

Stage 5

Since 2007

Co-operated hub-and-spoke network