Skip to main content

Table 3 Unit root tests

From: The impact of maritime transport financing on total trade in South Africa

Variable

ADF

PP

GF-GLS

Level

1st diff

Level

1st diff

Level

1st diff

TRADE

− 2.89

− 5.23***

− 2.91

− 8.99**

− 2.99

− 5.62***

MTF

− 2.03

− 5.37***

− 2.05

− 5.38**

− 2.19

− 5.61***

B_FRD

− 1.99

− 4.83***

− 1.99

− 4.83***

− 2.06

− 5.06***

G_CRS

− 3.27

− 4.44***

− 3.15

− 4.39***

− 3.43

− 4.66***

L_RATE

− 3.30

− 4.50***

− 2.37

− 4.51***

− 3.39

− 4.22**

  1. Sources: Authors’ own computation using data from World bank, National Treasury, and Heritage Foundation
  2. ** and *** indicate significance at the 10%, and 5% levels respectively