Digital adoption and efficiency in the maritime industry

Journal of Shipping and Trade

Table 3 OLS Baseline Results

	Baseline	Broadband Internet Connection	Enterprise Resource Planning	Customer Relationship Management	Ecommerce Website	Sophisticated Cloud Computing	1st Principal Component
Frontier growth	0.211***	0.220***	0.215***	0.217***	0.208***	0.228***	0.231***
	(0.0312)	(0.0364)	(0.0367)	(0.0368)	(0.0316)	(0.0379)	(0.0386)
Gap to frontier	0.101***	0.101***	0.102***	0.104***	0.108***	0.109***	0.109***
	(0.0101)	(0.0107)	(0.0107)	(0.0126)	(0.0119)	(0.0123)	(0.0128)
Age	0.0001***	− 0.0002***	0.0003***	− 0.0002***	− 0.0002***	0.0002***	− 0.0003***
	(5.17e-05)	(5.27e-05)	(5.43e-05)	(5.81e-05)	(5.51e-05)	(5.64e-05)	(6.03e-05)
Employees	0.0221***	0.0213***	0.0216***	0.0218***	0.0218***	0.0219***	0.0227***
	(0.0024)	(0.0026)	(0.0025)	(0.0021)	(0.0024)	(0.0027)	(0.0028)
Digital Technology		0.138***	0.101**	0.173***	0.0853**	0.0385	0.0158***
		(0.0337)	(0.0359)	(0.0362)	(0.0428)	(0.0564)	(0.0033)
R-squared	0.057	0.054	0.057	0.057	0.054	0.058	0.058

Table demonstrates the measurements of the baseline equation where MFP growth (dependent variable) has been regressed on average MFP growth of the 5% shipping firms with highest MFP in each division-year, the firm’s gap to frontier, age, number of employees, along with adoption rates of individual digital technologies. ***, ** and * correspond to p < 0.01, p < 0.05 and p < 0.1 respectively