Table 8 The heterogeneous impact of digital adoption on efficiency quartiles
From: Digital adoption and efficiency in the maritime industry
Broadband Internet Connection | Enterprise Resource Planning | Customer Relationship Management | Ecommerce Website | Sophisticated Cloud Computing | 1st Principal Component | 1st Principal Component | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frontier growth | 0.1955*** | 0.1865*** | 0.1925*** | 0.1905*** | 0.2055*** | 0.2095*** | 0.2245*** |
(0.0493) | (0.0482) | (0.0487) | (0.0487) | (0.0492) | (0.0504) | (0.0499) | |
Gap to frontier | 0.0636*** | 0.0655*** | 0.0657*** | 0.0653*** | 0.0702*** | 0.0675*** | 0.0975*** |
(0.0302) | (0.0296) | (0.0301) | (0.0298) | (0.0314) | (0.0313) | (0.0225) | |
Age | − 0.000*** | − 0.000*** | − 0.000*** | − 0.000*** | − 0.000*** | − 0.000*** | − 0.000*** |
(5.29e-05) | (5.43e-05) | (5.41e-05) | (5.13e-05) | (5.02e-05) | (5.47e-05) | (5.49e-05) | |
Employees | 0.0093*** | 0.0092*** | 0.0097*** | 0.0093*** | 0.0107*** | 0.0111*** | 0.0109*** |
(0.0123) | (0.0111) | (0.0123) | (0.0123) | (0.0124) | (0.0125) | (0.0133) | |
Quartile 2 (dummy) | − 0.0741*** | − 0.0557*** | − 0.0682*** | − 0.0417** | − 0.0436** | − 0.0497*** | |
(0.0229) | (0.0239) | (0.0253) | (0.0245) | (0.0204) | (0.0224) | ||
Quartile 3 (dummy) | − 0.0809*** | − 0.0605*** | − 0.0777*** | − 0.0463* | − 0.0468* | − 0.0542** | |
(0.0288) | (0.0304) | (0.0302) | (0.0313) | (0.0312) | (0.0299) | ||
Quartile 4 (dummy) | − 0.0957*** | − 0.0754*** | − 0.0946*** | − 0.0562 | − 0.0564 | − 0.0659* | |
(0.0368) | (0.0395) | (0.0409) | (0.0403) | (0.0403) | (0.0392) | ||
Digital technology (Quartile 1) | 0.0741*** | − 0.0056 | 0.0895** | 0.1115** | 0.0563 | 0.0045** | |
(0.0431) | (0.0557) | (0.0549) | (0.0695) | (0.0846) | (0.0147) | ||
Digital technology (Quartile 2) | 0.1595*** | 0.0793** | 0.1555*** | 0.0757* | 0.0268 | 0.0048*** | |
(0.0437) | (0.0512) | (0.0435) | (0.0554) | (0.0711) | (0.0148) | ||
Digital technology (Quartile 3) | 0.1685*** | 0.0828** | 0.1715*** | 0.0804** | 0.0373 | 0.0051*** | |
(0.0463) | (0.0495) | (0.0402) | (0.0515) | (0.0663) | (0.0672) | ||
Digital technology (Quartile 4) | 0.1805*** | 0.0985*** | 0.1915*** | 0.0783** | 0.0368 | 0.0059*** | |
(0.0529) | (0.0491) | (0.0452) | (0.0527) | (0.0628) | (0.0141) | ||
Digital technology | 0.0034*** | ||||||
(0.0021) | |||||||
Digital technology * gap to frontier | − 0.0052** | ||||||
(0.0024) | |||||||
R-squared | 0.057 | 0.057 | 0.057 | 0.057 | 0.057 | 0.060 | 0.061 |