Authors, year | Study description | Study area | Data period |
---|---|---|---|
Kalirajan (1999) | Stochastic gravity model to estimate the potential trade flows between countries varying model coefficients | Australia, its trading partners in the Indian Ocean | |
Rose et al. (2000) | Gravity model to assess the separate effects of exchange rate volatility and currency unions on international trade | 186 countries | 1970–1990 |
Egger (2002) | Comparison among several models to demonstrate, that the choice of the econometric set-up is of great relevance for the calculation of bilateral trade potentials | OECD countries, 10 Central and Eastern European countries | 1986–1997 |
Egger (2004) | Three different methods to obtain a global regional trade blocking effect with panel data | OECD economies to 47 partner countries | 1986–1997 |
Kang and Fratianni (2006) | Stochastic frontier estimation to quantify trade efficiency as the distance between trade flows and the maximum possible trade flows predicted | 177 countries | 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 1999 |
Kandogan (2007) | Different gravity models to compare and evaluate the specifications proposed in the literature and to examine the role of blocs in trade across different models | 99 countries | 1992–1999 |
Chen et al. (2007) | Gravity model, considering trade indicators, to analyze the degree of trade concentration. The variables have been into 3 groups in relation to market size; distance and regional composition | 10 countries in the East Asia | 1990–2005 |
Martínez et al. (2009) | Static and dynamic gravity model to evaluate the effects of preferential agreements on trade, using a panel data technique | 15 countries of EU, NAFTA, CARICOM, MCCA, MAGHREB | 1980–1999 |
Leusin and de Azevedo (2009) | Gravity model, using cross-sectional to analyze the border effect for goods | 26 brazilian states + the Federal District, 40 other countries | 1999 |
Madhusoodanan (2010) | Augmented gravity model to examine the impact of a set of macroeconomic and other policy factors on trade flows | SAARC region | |
Blanes and Milgram (2010) | Gravity model, using data disaggregated by region and industries, to analyze the impact of the free trade area considering tariffs at the industry level | EU and Morocco on the exports of the Spanish regions | 1999–2002 |
García et al. (2013) | Augmented gravity model to examine annual bilateral exchanges considering variables of the international trade volume and direction | 75 Mercosur countries | 1980–2008 |
Vijil (2014) | Gravity model to show the complementarities between the aid for trade and regional economic integration | 185 countries | 1995–2005 |
Dragutinović-Mitrović and Bjelić (2015) | Gravity model to investigate the role of different trade regimes in determining the bilateral trade, using panel data | Western Balkan countries and the enlarged EU | 2001–2010 |
Bermeo and Oh (2016) | Gravity model to examine Peru’s trade patterns by analyzing the country’s bilateral trade flows. The empirical results using the Tobit model for the whole dataset are consistent with the general prediction of the gravity model | 186 countries | 1990–2011 |
Bary and Setyodewanti (2016) | Gravity model, using panel-bilateral manufacturing trade, and comparing the trade creation and trade diversion effects across countries in relation to the implementation of a Regional Trade Agreement | Southeast Asia | 1990–2012 |
Ahcar and Siroën (2017) | Gravity model to test the effect of depth on trade, considering additive indicators as factor variables and use multiple correspondence analysis, to obtain distilled indicators of deep integration | 153 countries | 1980–2012 |
Suárez et al. (2021) | Gravity model with two distance variables which are built as modernity factors of culture and productive and institutional apparatus | 21 regions of Colombia | 1995–2015 |