Maritime fuels of the future: what is the impact of alternative fuels on the optimal economic speed of large container vessels

Journal of Shipping and Trade

Table 2 Selected regulatory scenarios to be considered in this research

Measure		Vessel type	Description	Time frame
MBM	Bunker fuel levy	All vessels	A maritime fuel tax in proportion with the degree of GHG emissions resulting from their consumption	2030
MBM	Bunker fuel levy	All vessels	A maritime fuel tax in proportion with the degree of GHG emissions resulting from their consumption	2050
EC	50% CO₂ emission cap	New-built	New-built and Bench-marked 50% CO2 emission cap for all new-built vessels	2030
EC	50% CO₂ emission cap	New-built	New-built and Bench-marked 50% CO2 emission cap for all new-built vessels	2050