Region | Perspective | Source |
---|---|---|
Africa | Shipper | Ugboma et al. (2006) |
Asia | Shipper | Lirn et al. (2004), Chou (2010), Park and Min (2011), Rahman et al. (2019) and Lirn et al. (2003) and Yuen et al. (2012) |
Port operator | ||
Europe | Shipper | Cruz et al. (2013) |
Port operator | Cruz et al. (2013) | |
Americas | Shipper | Mittal and McClung (2016) |
Meditereanean | Shipper | Baştuğ et al. (2022) |
Port operator | Baştuğ et al. (2022) |