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Table 2 Augmented Dickey–Fuller Unit Root test.

From: Effect of shipping trade on economic growth in Nigeria: the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) approach

dfuller D.LnGDP, lags(0)

Dickey–Fuller test for unit root

Number of obs = 49

Test statistics

1% Critical value

5% Critical value

10% Critical value

Z(t)

− 6.586

− 3.587

− 2.933

− 2.601

MacKinnon approximate p value for Z(t) = 0.0000

dfuller D.LnImp, lags(0)

Dickey–Fuller test for unit root

Number of obs = 49

Test statistics

1% Critical value

5% Critical Value

10% Critical value

Z(t)

− 10.810

− 3.587

− 2.933

− 2.601

MacKinnon approximate p value for Z(t) = 0.0000

. dfuller D.LnExp, lags(0)

Dickey–Fuller test for unit root

Number of obs = 49

Test statistics

1% Critical value

5% Critical value

10% Critical value

Z(t)

− 7.212

− 3.587

− 2.933

− 2.601

MacKinnon approximate p value for Z(t) = 0.0000

. dfuller D.LnExc, lags(0)

Dickey–-Fuller test for unit root

Number of obs = 49

Test statistics

1% Critical value

5% Critical value

10% Critical value

Z(t)

− 6.024

− 3.587

− 2.933

− 2.601

MacKinnon approximate p value for Z(t) = 0.0000