Circular developments of maritime industrial ports in Europe: a semi-systematic review of the current situation

Journal of Shipping and Trade

Table 1 Ports in Europe analyzed

Ports in Europe	Country	Ports in Europe	Country
Rotterdam /Amsterdam Moerdijk	The Netherlands	Hamburg/Bremenhaven	Germany
Antwerp /Ghent/North sea port/Bruges – Zeebrugge	Belgium	Gothenburg/Helsingborg/Copenhagen -Malmo Aalborg	Sweden and Denmark
Marseille/Le Havre/Port of Boulogne sur-mer Dunkirk/Port of Nantes-Saint Nazaire	France	London/Southhampton/Lowerstoft/Ramsgate/Dover Felixstowe	UK
Algeciras/Valencia Vigo/Barcelona/Bilbao	Spain	Venecia/Genoa/Trieste Ravenna	Italy
Haminakotka	Finland	Thessaloniki	Greece
Koper	Slovenia

Source: Own source
Most of these ports are MIP with circular initiatives. They are logistic and industrial nodes in global supply chains with a solid maritime character and a functional and spatial clustering of activities. They have different terminals depending on the cluster activities and stakeholders. Some of these terminals are Container, automobile, dry bulk (e.g. cement, iron ore…), liquid bulk (e.g. oil, gas, chemicals.). A conceptual framework of a MIP is illustrated in Fig. 3