Table 6 Factors and features of Inland Waterways

Waterways

Governance and Regulations

Diverse governance models

Jiang et al. (2018)

Coordinated legislative bodies

Sommerauerová et al. (2018)

Road maps and long-term master plans with well-defined priorities

Havinga (2020), Havinga et al. (2006), Rohács and Simongáti (2007)

Policies to promote and support IWT

Roso et al. (2020)

Public and private sector participation in decision-making

Chen et al. (2016), Nguyen and Nguyen (2020)

Local and regional policies that stimulate modal shift from road to IWT

Bu and Nachtmann (2021), Malkus et al. (2020)

Long-term strategies to develop IWT passenger transport

Vu (2011)

Prioritize or increase the investment in IWT infrastructure

Oulfarsi (2016)

Integrated ecological strategies

Mihic et al. (2011)

Environmental policies and legislation emission reduction

Barros Cavalcante et al. (2020), Vilarinho et al. (2019)

Subsidies related to environmental sustainability efforts

Barros Cavalcante et al. (2020)

Legislation that guarantees freedom of navigation (e.g., European Union)

Niedzielski et al. (2021)

Clear taxation systems and procedures (particularly in shared basins)

Malkus et al. (2020), Rohács and Simongáti (2007)

Compensations for stoppage

Niedzielski et al. (2021)

Regulations for the operational management

Nguyen and Nguyen (2020)

Economic incentives to support technical and operational investments

Tzannatos et al. (2016)

Management

Dynamic river management

Havinga (2020)

Adaptative management-based strategies

Barros Cavalcante et al. (2020)

Strategical transnational planning for sustainable development of shared basins

Maksin et al. (2017)

Stakeholder identification and participation in preparation and implementation programs

Havinga (2020), Roso et al. (2020)

Mental shift to support modal shift

Roso et al. (2020)

Administrative and institutional systems to support IWT

Mihic et al. (2011)

Standardized management for shared basins

Mako and Galieriková (2021)

Transnational cooperation for shared basins

Pfoser et al. (2018)

Clear of institutional structure

Nguyen and Nguyen (2020)

Clear border controls requirements

Pfoser et al. (2018)

Established charges and fees

Pfoser et al. (2018)

Operational

Connectivity and interoperability among various waterways, industrial centers connected with other transport means

Koralova (2017), Mako and Galieriková (2021), Sidaway et al. (1995), Vilarinho et al. (2019)

Environmental factors (wind, current, waves, ice formation)

Chen et al. (2016), Koralova (2017)

River Information Services (RIS) to harmonize information

Koralova (2017), Mihic et al. (2011)

RIS for traffic and transport services

Koralova (2017), Maternová et al. (2022), Mihic et al. (2011), Niedzielski et al. (2021)

Infrastructure

Infrastructure development and improvement (Navigable waterways with sufficient depth, locks, and bridges)

Bu and Nachtmann (2021), Chen et al. (2016)

Investment and improvement (traffic channels, signal buoys, bridges, and well-connected ports)

Nguyen and Nguyen (2020)

Optimal maintenance programs

Havinga (2020), Havinga et al. (2006)

Sustainable river training

Havinga (2020), Havinga et al. (2006)

Quality infrastructure

Sommerauerová et al. (2018)

Maintenance of waterways

Mihic et al. (2011)

Strategies for investment and financing infrastructure (e.g., implementation of PPP)

Miloslavskaya and Plotnikova (2018)

Develop waterway infrastructure to improve connectivity between strategic regions (e.g., Czech Republic and Germany)

Cempírek and Čejka (2017)

Improve waterway network and connectivity with other transport modes

Mako and Galieriková (2021), Nguyen and Nguyen (2020), Sidaway et al. (1995)

Integration between transport modes

Vilarinho et al. (2019)

Financial frameworks

Nguyen and Nguyen (2020)