Table 1 Cyprus Shipping industry gaps and needs, and identified solutions for the five top-ranking needs, during 2021 DeCyDe-4-Shipping implementation

1

Better infrastructure and services are needed at port reception facilities

1. Better separation of waste at port reception facilities

2. Implement a combination of standardised fees and Pay As You Throw schemes to ensure that best performers are incentivised

3. Implement Deposit Refund Systems on board to incentivise individual crew members and passengers

2

Environmental Culture, Education and Capacity-building are required

1. Incentivise the nurturing of an environmental culture through e.g. trainings, supply chain management etc

2. Implement awareness raising campaigns and knowledge transfer activities to the public and key target audiences

3. Impose fines to polluters (until the culture shifts)

3

Technological solutions and alternative materials are required

1. Dissemination and transfer of best practices

2. Solution-oriented research and development

3. Incentives for the application of innovative technologies

4

Accountability and responsibility are lacking

1. More monitoring in terms of what is delivered to ports and dumped at sea (e.g. weighing of waste delivered)

2. Accountability of what is being delivered to port and how well it is separated (fines for those who do not comply)

3. Proper implementation of legislation

5

Greater synergies are required between land and sea operations and between countries

1. Ensure that there are the same waste streams on vessels and at shore (e.g. through colour coding)

2. Develop synergies between owners/managers and suppliers and crew educators

3. Develop formalised/structured synergies among those involved

Additional gaps/needs (ranked)

6

Better supply chain management is required to minimise plastic onboard

7

There is a lack of availability of alternative (more environmentally friendly) packaging that can make procurement greener

8

Incentives are needed to encourage companies to optimise their waste management

9

There is a need to redesign materials and processes to make them more efficient

10

Quality of data, recording, and monitoring needs to be improved

11

Garbage fees vary between ports and lower prices can be linked to ports with poorer environmental performance

12

There is no correlation between the MARPOL waste categories and the categories in which reception facilities accept waste

13

Effective implementation of existing legislation is needed

14

Evaluation by clients is required