Table 3 Importance of weights, normalization and ranking of criteria

C₉

Applying better fund models (i.e., International Maritime Research Fund) incentivizes investments in alternative fuels and technologies

1

C₆

Implementing a Cap-and-Trade system with strict pollution limits and tradable allowances

2

C₅

Promoting strict local regulations to limit airborne emissions at ports and inland waterways, and make cold-ironing at ports compulsory whenever available

3

C₈

Hedging carbon futures contracts to manage the carbon pricing risk

4

C₂

Financing maritime decarbonization projects

5

C₄

Developing sustainability certifications and suitable schemes

6

C₇

Devising attractive incentives to attract operators to nearby non-EU ports

7

C₃

Differentiating port charges

8

C₁

Using incentives to cover onshore power service fees

9