Estimating the impact of container port throughput on employment: an analysis for African countries with seaports

Journal of Shipping and Trade

Table 5 Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) Granger causality test results

Variable	Total employment	Industry employment	Service employment	port throughput
Total employment				0.000
Industry employment				0.000
Service employment				0.000
port throughput	0.000	0.000	0.000

p-values are reported at a 5% significance level. Also, the p-values reported are that of the Z-bar
Source: Authors